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Objective:To investigate the effects of pre-existing antibody on seroconversion rate after influenza vaccination.Methods:This study recruited 1 900 healthy volunteers to receive influenza split vaccines in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region and Yunnan Province from September 2009 to October 2018. Hemagglutinin agglutination inhibition assay was used to detect the titers of specific antibodies in blood samples collected before vaccination and 28 d after vaccination and the effects of pre-existing antibody on the seroconversion to different influenza vaccine components were analyzed.Results:Trend analysis showed that with the increasing titer of pre-existing antibody, the seroconversion rates to A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata vaccine components were gradually decreased (χ 2=121.76, P<0.001; χ 2=67.58, P<0.001; χ 2=45.25, P<0.001; χ 2=54.55, P<0.001). After adjusting for factors such as region, gender and age, multivariate logistic regression showed that pre-existing antibody titer equal to or higher than 40 was an independent factor that affected the seroconversion to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B/Victoria vaccine components, and the adjusted OR (95%CI) values were 2.50(2.00-3.13)、1.64(1.35-2.00) and 2.50(1.79-3.45), respectively. Conclusions:The seroconversion rate to each vaccine component was negatively correlated with the pre-existing antibody titer. The factor that pre-existing antibody titer equal to or higher than 40 was detrimental to the seroconversion to A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B/Victoria vaccine components, but had no significant influence on B/Yamagata seroconversion.
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Leptin, a peptide hormone discovered in the 1990s, arouses interest as it can regulate the body′s metabolism. In recent years, many studies have shown that leptin can promote the proliferation, activation and cytokine synthesis of various immune cells, and participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. This article reviewed the role of leptin and involved signaling pathways in immune response and the potential of leptin as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and complications of flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in children.Methods The clinical data of upper urinary tract calculi in 20 children including 16 male and 4 female,treated by using flexible ureteroscopy,were collected from January 2014 to May 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The mean age was 6.4 years (ranging from 2.7-15.0 years old).Among them,6 cases had upper ureteral calculi and 14 cases had renal calculi.All the calculi was found unilaterally with on the left side in 12 cases and on the right side in 8 cases.Ipsilateral mild to moderate hydronephrosis were found in all of the cases.The mean stone size was 1.2 cm (ranging from 0.5-1.8 cm).All the cases were treated through retrograde flexible ureteroscopy holmium laser lithotripsy after the invalid conservative through conservative treatment.Double J tube was left routinely in the sick side 1 week before operation to expand the internal diameter of the ureter.A double J stent was left in place for 1 month after operation as a routine.Results The flexible ureteral access sheath failed to insert into the upper ureter in 2 cases because of the narrow ureter,then the flexible ureteroscopy was inserted into ureter through wire directly.The flexible ureteral access sheath was successfully inserted into the ureter for the others and flexible ureteroscopy were inserted through flexible sheath.The mean operative time was 38 min (ranging from 20-60 min).The patients were discharged from hospital after a mean of 4.5 days (ranging from 3-7 days).The rate of stone-free in one-stage was more than 90％.There were residual small stones in the lower calices of kidney in 2 cases.The perfusion liquid volume during the operation was 500 mL(ranging from 200-1 000 mL).There was no major perioperative complication,while transient macroscopic hematuria and fever were common complications after operation.The stone search was performed successfully in the whole 14 cases.NO residual stone could be found through ultrasound and kidney ureter bladder plain and Double-J stent was removed 1 month after operation.Conclusions Flexible ureteroscopy produces high stone-free rate and clinical safety for upper urinary calculi in children.However,the complications of flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy cannot be ignored and sufficient preoperative preparation and careful perioperative safety control should be required.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of prognosis in the patients with advanced cervical cancer,and to evaluate the influence of single-agent cisplatin and docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the prognosis of the patients and the security,and to provide the basis for clinical treatment of advanced cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 218 patients with advanced cervical cancer who received the singleagent cisplatin or docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy were enrolled as the subjects.The patients were divided into two groups according to their chemoradiotherapy treatments:single-agent group and docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent group.All the patients had received external beam radiation therapy combined with high-dose rate intracavitary hrachytherapy.A follow-up in 218 patients was performed until January 2017.The information about clinical characteristics including age,tumor diameter,clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments,pathological grade,pathological type,primiparous age and adverse effects after treatment were collected by telephone follow-up,outpatient service and reexamination.The differences in the clinical characteristics of the patients were compared between two groups,the association between the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of the patients was analyzed,and the security of these two treatments was evaluated.Results:There were no statistical differences in the age,tumor diameter,clinical stage,pathological grade,pathological type and primiparous age of the patients between two groups (P＞0.05).The 1-year,3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of 218 patients were 96.33％,76.15％ and 63.76％,respectively.The 5-year OS rate of the patients in docetaxel combined with cisplatin group was higher than that of the patients in single-agent cisplatin group (x2 =8.032,P=0.005).The univariate analysis results indicated that tumor diameter,clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments,and adenocarcinoma were the potential predictive factors (P＜0.05).The Cox regression analysis results showed that clinical stage [stage Ⅲ:P=0.016,HR (95％CI) =1.90 (1.13-3.19) [stage Ⅳ:P＜ 0.001,HR (95％CI) =19.13 (7.84-46.68)],chemotherapy treatments [P=0.009,HR (95 ％CI) =0.54 (0.34-0.86)] and adenocarcinoma pathological type [P=0.021,HR (95％CI) =1.88 (1.10-3.21)] were the prognostic risk factors of the patients,the patients in clinical stage Ⅱ B,received docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy and with pathological types of squamous cell carcinomas had a better outcome.Compared with docetaxel combined with cisplatin group,leucopenia (Z=-2.060,P =0.039) and neutropenia (Z=-2.246,P =0.025) in single-agent cisplatin group were lighter.Conclusion:Clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments and adenocarcinoma were the independently prognostic factors of the patients with advanced cervical cancer.The patients receive docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy have a better prognosis and no severer adverse effects compared with single-agent cisplatin treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of prognosis in the patients with advanced cervical cancer,and to evaluate the influence of single-agent cisplatin and docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the prognosis of the patients and the security,and to provide the basis for clinical treatment of advanced cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 218 patients with advanced cervical cancer who received the singleagent cisplatin or docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy were enrolled as the subjects.The patients were divided into two groups according to their chemoradiotherapy treatments:single-agent group and docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent group.All the patients had received external beam radiation therapy combined with high-dose rate intracavitary hrachytherapy.A follow-up in 218 patients was performed until January 2017.The information about clinical characteristics including age,tumor diameter,clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments,pathological grade,pathological type,primiparous age and adverse effects after treatment were collected by telephone follow-up,outpatient service and reexamination.The differences in the clinical characteristics of the patients were compared between two groups,the association between the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of the patients was analyzed,and the security of these two treatments was evaluated.Results:There were no statistical differences in the age,tumor diameter,clinical stage,pathological grade,pathological type and primiparous age of the patients between two groups (P＞0.05).The 1-year,3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of 218 patients were 96.33％,76.15％ and 63.76％,respectively.The 5-year OS rate of the patients in docetaxel combined with cisplatin group was higher than that of the patients in single-agent cisplatin group (x2 =8.032,P=0.005).The univariate analysis results indicated that tumor diameter,clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments,and adenocarcinoma were the potential predictive factors (P＜0.05).The Cox regression analysis results showed that clinical stage [stage Ⅲ:P=0.016,HR (95％CI) =1.90 (1.13-3.19) [stage Ⅳ:P＜ 0.001,HR (95％CI) =19.13 (7.84-46.68)],chemotherapy treatments [P=0.009,HR (95 ％CI) =0.54 (0.34-0.86)] and adenocarcinoma pathological type [P=0.021,HR (95％CI) =1.88 (1.10-3.21)] were the prognostic risk factors of the patients,the patients in clinical stage Ⅱ B,received docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy and with pathological types of squamous cell carcinomas had a better outcome.Compared with docetaxel combined with cisplatin group,leucopenia (Z=-2.060,P =0.039) and neutropenia (Z=-2.246,P =0.025) in single-agent cisplatin group were lighter.Conclusion:Clinical stage,chemotherapy treatments and adenocarcinoma were the independently prognostic factors of the patients with advanced cervical cancer.The patients receive docetaxel combined with cisplatin concurrent chemoradiotherapy have a better prognosis and no severer adverse effects compared with single-agent cisplatin treatment.
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BACKGROUND:FoxO1 participates in diverse processes of cellphysiology, including cellproliferation and apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, longevity, cancer, the regulation of cellcycle and metabolism. Vibration loading is believed to promote metabolism, delay muscle fatigue, and facilitate adaptive bone reconstruction. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of whole-body vertical vibration on the protein expression of FoxO1 in tibia and bone marrow cellof ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporosis rats. METHODS:Thirty-six healthy 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the fol owing three groups by body weight:sham-operation (sham) group, OVX group, and OVX whole-body vertical vibration (OVX+V) group. At the 11th week after operation, the OVX+V group rats were vibrated on a vibration platform twice per day for 7 weeks according to the fol owing schedule:whole-body vertical vibration for 15 minutes, with an interval of 10 minutes. The frequency was 90 Hz and the amplitude was 0.5 mm. Within 24-48 hours after the last treatment, the fifth lumbar vertebra as wel as the right femur and tibia were isolated. The bone mineral density of the fifth lumbar vertebra and right femur was detected by dual-energyΧ-ray absorptiometry. The FoxO1 protein expression in proximal tibia and bone marrow cells was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:As revealed by the results of bone mineral density, the bone mineral densities of the proximal and distal femur as wel as the fifth lumbar vertebra in OVX+V group were significantly increased while no significant difference could be seen in the mid shaft. As revealed by the results of western blot, there was no FoxO1 protein expression in the tibia, but it could be detected in the bone marrow cells. Compared with the sham group, there was no significant difference in FoxO1 protein expression in bone marrow cells of OVX group;compared with the OVX group, the protein expression level of FoxO1 in bone marrow cells of the OVX+V group was significantly reduced. The results suggested that whole-body vertical vibration could inhibit the protein expression of FoxO1 in bone marrow cells of osteoporosis rats.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the value of noninvasive fetal trisomy testing based on massively parallel sequencing for the detection of chromosomal deletions and duplications.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral venous blood was taken from pregnant women with a high risk. Free fetal DNA in maternal plasma was used for library construction and subjected to massively parallel sequencing. Positive results were validated by traditional karyotype analysis or array-CGH. Phenotype of the fetus was observed through patholoical evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen out of 629 cases were suspected to harbor chromosomal aberrations, which included 9 aneuploid cases and 4 structural abnormalities. The latter included one case with dup (18q) (14.35 Mb), del (18q) (21.34 Mb), one with dup (3q) (35 Mb) and two with dup (7q) (7.0 Mb). Among these, dup (18q ) (14.35 Mb), del (18q) (21.34 Mb) and dup (3q) (35 Mb) were confirmed by karyotype analysis and patholoical evaluation. However, the two cases with dup (7q) were validated by karyotype analysis and array-CGH as false positives. The phenotype with the fetus also presented as normal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The introduction of maternal plasma sequencing for prenatal testing could dramatically improve the efficiency for detecting large, partial (> 10 Mb) chromosomal deletions and duplications.</p>